William Henry Gates V. Gates - 1771 Words

William Henry Gates III (1955-Present) Introduction William Henry Gates (AKA Bill Gates) founded the world’s largest software company, Microsoft, which helped make the development of computers which added them to our daily life. Early Life William Henry Gates III (AKA Bill Gates) was born in Seattle, Washington 27th October 1955 shortly after 9:00PM. Bill Gates’ parents were named William Henry Gates, Sr. and Mary Maxwell Gates. As a child his parents called him ‘Trey’. Bill Gates lived with two sisters: Kristianne who is older, and Libby, who is younger. Bill Gates was educated at Harvard College from 1973-1975 before this he was at Lakeside School from 1967-1973. At the age of 13 Bill Gates was interested in the programming language BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) with this programming language he created Tic-Tac-Toe where you could verse the computer. He created this for his classmates at Lakeside School. A PDP-10 belonging to the Computer Centre Corporation (CCC) banned four school students Gates, Paul Allen, Rick Wieland, and Kent Evans for the summer because they were exploiting bugs in the Operating System to obtain free computer time. At the end of the ban from the computer, the four students offered to find bugs in the CCC’s Operating System in exchange for computer time. Early Career Gates enrolled in Harvard University originally wanting to have a career in law but he spent more time in the computer lab than in class. GatesShow MoreRelatedKing Henry V Character Analysis773 Words   |  4 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Henry V, King Henry V, has multiple personas to certain characters in the book to gain the French throne. He justifies his right to the French throne by being in the maiden family line of France. Henry’s role playing is for the purpose of gaining the French throne. Henry portraying himself as friendly to his soldiers, either a major threat and merciful to Harfleur, and physically disguising himself to persuade his soldiers is for gaining the French throne. Henry, in preparation ofRead MoreBill Gates Research Outline1736 Words   |  7 Pagessociety sees it today.    B. Any Idea can be great; implementation of that idea takes careful planning and a smooth technological framework to seamlessly pull it off.    C. Choosing to eschew the established ways most seek out their lives, Bill Gates chose to cultivate his interests, even by getting in trouble with a corporation at a young age while capitalizing on an error in a system, and pivot these ideas into a multi-billion dollar enterprise.    D. An active dedicated mind that sees inadequaciesRead MoreJoan of Arc and the Siege of Orleans Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesFrench agitation in the North. 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In the opening scene of the episode, Data acts out act four scene one from Henry V. This scene is significant in that it is where King Henry goes in disguise to see how his troops are doing-mentally. King Henry wants his men to know that he has the same concerns they do: For, though I speak it to you, I think the king is but a man, as I am: the violetRead MoreBattle Analysis On The Battle Of B emis Heights2072 Words   |  9 Pages Battle Analysis on the Battle of Bemis Heights SSG Eric V. Ives NCOA SLC November 20, 2014 The Battle of Bemis Heights The Battle of Bemis Heights was the second battle of what is commonly referred to as the Battle of Saratoga. â€Å"The Battle of Saratoga is one of the fifteen most decisive battles in the history of the world† (Creasy, 1851). This paper will provide an in depth battle analysis of the Battle of Bemis Heights and explain why the battle had such an impact. First, the paperRead MoreEssay about William Blake’s Poetry1541 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Blake’s Poetry William Blake was one of those 19th century figures who could have and should have been beatniks, along with Rimbaud, Verlaine, Manet, Cezanne and Whitman. He began his career as an engraver and artist, and was an apprentice to the highly original Romantic painter Henry Fuseli. In his own time he was valued as an artist, and created a set of watercolor illustrations for the Book of Job that were so wildly but subtly colored they would have looked perfectly at home inRead MoreThe Legacy Of John D. Rockefeller1576 Words   |  7 PagesHall Association, 2015). He was born in Richford, New York in 1839. Rockefeller was the second child and he had five other siblings which were William Rockefeller, Frank Rockefeller, Lucy Rockefeller Briggs, Francis Rockefeller, and Mary Ann Rockefeller (Famous people,2015). He married Laura Celestia Spelman and they had five children. 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The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time by Mark...

Mahatma Gandhi, known as one of the great peacemakers of all time, previously said As human beings, our greatness lays not so much in being able to remake the world†¦ as in being able to remake ourselves.* This quotes inspiring message of self improvement can be taken to heart and applied to any individuals life. This statement holds true in the novel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time by Mark Haddon, in which several of its characters follow this idea. Christopher had autism but, other than being some of the most brilliant people in human history, Albert Einstein, Thomas Jefferson, Michelangelo, Isaac Newton, Andy Warhol, and Bill Gates have all been speculated to have some sort of autism. So Christopher’s condition is†¦show more content†¦He relaxes by crouching down and groaning, or by listening to white noise. And he does his best to understand the interactions of the people around him intellectually, helped by his photographic memory and mathe matical talent, hes doing A-level mathematics even though he attends a special needs school. The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time is not just a sympathetic and sensitive study of autism, however, but a lively and engaging story of a teenager facing a crisis. It is at the same time sad and funny, entertaining and informative, and serious and overwhelming. Christophers unusual perspective makes us see ordinary events and activities in a new way, while his abilities and limitations help drive the plot. And we are sometimes kept in suspense, even though we often know more than the narrator. By this I mean, for example at the end of chapter 67, Christopher is mentioning, Mr. Shears didn’t want to live in the same house as Mrs. Shears anymore so he probably hated her and he might have come back and killed her dog to make her sad, I decided to try and find out more about Mr. Shears.* And as The next Chapter starts which is chapter; 71, Christopher doesn’t keep his topic in a flow. He jumps from his point to talk about, All the children at my school are stupid. Another unusual feature is theShow MoreRelatedThe Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time by Mark Haddon910 Words   |  4 PagesAspergers sufferer, Christopher Boone, Mark Haddon’s inventive novel entitle ‘The Curious incident of the Dog in the Night Time’, skilfully portrays how the decisions of significant characters and their relationships shape the overall message about the difficulties of living with a limiting social condition. This is challenged from the unique perspective of Christopher and explicitly seen through the relationship between the protagonist and both his parents. Haddon employs a myriad of techniques throughRead MoreAnalysis of The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time by Mark Haddon1444 Words   |  6 Pages The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time In this book, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night time, Mark Haddon writes about Christopher John Francis Boone who is an autistic child. Throughout this story Christopher attempts to solve a murder case of his neighbor’s poodle. Christopher wakes up one day at seven minutes past midnight, and he notices the next-door neighbor’s dog laying on the ground. So he decides to go over and check out what happened, soon he found a garden forkRead MoreAnalysis Of The Curious Incident Of The Dog In The Night-Time By Mark Haddon810 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time† written by Mark Haddon follows the protagonist Christopher Boone and the challenges he faces every day as he encounters new people, new places and new sayings. Christopher is an autistic child living in central Swindon with his father, what he does not realise is that lies surround him and continue to follow him through his life. Throughout the novel family struggles are a constant theme conveyed by Haddon through his characterisation, plot andRead MoreThe Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon986 Words   |  4 PagesRetelling The novel, â€Å"The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time,† is narrated by a 15 year old boy with a form of autism named Christopher Boone. It is about his search for order and stability in his life and how he copes with situations that lack this. At the beginning of the story, Christopher discovers that his neighbour’s dog, named Wellington, has been murdered. He decides to get to the bottom of this and solve the mystery of Wellington’s murderer while writing a murder mystery novelRead More The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time by Mark Haddon995 Words   |  4 Pages The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time is told through the eyes of a fifteen year old boy named Christopher Boone. Christopher has a highly-functioning form of autism which allows him to understand complex mathematical problems, but also leaves him unable to comprehend many simple human emotions. His inability to understand metaphors, distinguish emotions, a nd his lack of imagination makes it possible to consider Christopher as functioning like a computer rather than functioningRead MoreComparative Essay : The Night Time, By Mark Haddon, And The Curious Incident Of The Dog1021 Words   |  5 PagesComparative Essay of Temple Grandin, (2010), and, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time, by Mark Haddon, (2003). â€Å"I want my name to mean me.† (Haddon, M, p. 20.) Autism as defined by the Oxford dictionary as: â€Å"A developmental disorder of variable severity that is characterized by difficulty in social interaction and communication and by restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behaviour.† (Oxford Dictionaries | English, 2017) This definition is a small view into the complexityRead MoreCurious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time by Mark Haddon Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesThe curious incident of the dog in the night time is about a young boy with aspergers syndrome named Christopher. asperger syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder considered to be on the â€Å"high functioning† end of the spectrum. Affected children and adults have difficulty with social interactions and exhibit a restricted range of interests repetitive behaviours. Christopher found a dead black poodle with a pitch fork in it. It made him very upset and he wanted to find out who killed Wellington, soRead MoreAn Analysis of The Curious Inciden t of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon839 Words   |  4 PagesAutism occurs mostly in males ration 4:1. (males:females). In the novel â€Å"The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time† is about a boy named Christopher Boone who has a case of autism. In this novel Christopher is trying to solve the murder of his friend Mrs. Sheers dog. Christopher shows three different types of autism. Communication, does not like talking to strangers. Behavioural, does not ant normal around other people. Social. Because he does not like things about other people. ChristopherRead MoreA Murder Case in the Book, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon653 Words   |  3 PagesThe Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time A friend of mine recommended a book called The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon. This story revolves around a 15 year-old boy named Chris, who discovers his neighbor’s dog Wellington is dead on the front lawn. Chris takes it upon himself to investigate what he thinks is a murder case. It is told early on in the story that Chris has autism. Throughout the investigation, readers see the investigation from Chris’s point-of-viewRead MoreIn the novel The Curious Incident of the dog in the night-time by Mark Haddon, the author brings us800 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel The Curious Incident of the dog in the night-time by Mark Haddon, the author brings us into the world of a 15 year old boy living with Autism. Life for the protagonist, Christopher is not placid, as it is essential he make difficult life decisions that modify his routine life. The story culminates with Christopher residing with his mother, Judy. However, there are numerous rea sons that Judy does not make for a suitable guardian, subsequently Christopher should not be residing with his

Infancy and Early Childhood Development Free Essays

As a child develops families play a role in teaching the child. The first role is done through the five senses as a child’s brain develops. Parents are also responsible for making sure a child stays healthy. We will write a custom essay sample on Infancy and Early Childhood Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Piaget says that a child will learn through experiments in his or her world. Erickson and Freud also have ideas on family interaction in childhood development. Along with interaction a parent has different styles to bring up a child. These styles can help shape the child as he or she grows into adults. Early childhood education and cognitive development also play a role in childhood development also. Families affect development through interaction with a child, the parenting style used by the parent will also help shape the child as he or she grows, along with early education and cognitive development. Families play a role in infancy and early child development. Early childhood experience is in two categories; experience-dependent (cultural-bound) and experience-expectant (universal) that aid in brain growth (Berger, 2008). As the brain grows senses and motor skills such as seeing, mobility progress, and hearing improve. The child’s environment helps with this as the brain will respond to different particulars in life. Also in the biosocial aspect of development is health, a child will grow at expected rates and have better survival rates when the parents or caregivers practice healthy habits for the child such as immunization and nutrition, and regular well child check-ups. Another view of family effects on development comes from cognitive views of Piaget. Piaget’s work on sensorimotor intelligence and information processing says that infants progress from knowing their world through experiments. The child is shown objects by the parent and the parent tells the child what he or she is seeing, such as a cup, ball, or bottle. This communication with the child is how the family helps the child with language development. According Berger (2008), by one an infant can speak about two words, and by the age of two languages explodes, and at the toddler ages a child capable of speaking in short sentences. The last role from parents in the developing child comes from psychosocial theories. Emotions play a basic role in newborns two aspects of the role of emotions are from Erickson and Freud. Erickson’s theory is one of trust versus mistrust, and Freud’s theory is one of oral and anal stages. Both theories express the guidance given by parents to help raise their children. Parents and children play together, which helps develop social skills and attachment. Through attachment a child learns to explore and become independent in his or her world (Berger, 2008). Social play and attachment encourage social confidence. Besides play a parent must use a style to raise the child. Parenting styles vary the three most used styles consist of authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. Authoritarian parents controls, evaluates behavior, and attitudes of the child with standard rules of conduct. A child who fails to follow the set rules normally receives punishment with no explanation regarding why. According to Baumrind (1991), these parents are â€Å"status and obedience oriented, and expect rules to be followed without explanation. † The authoritative parent also sets rules for his or her child. Authoritative parenting styles also sets rules for a child but unlike the authoritarian parent the parent is much more democratic about it. This parenting style permits the parent to be more responsive to the child’s needs, and listen to questions and concerns the child may have. The child is not punished when he or she does not meet expectations of the parent as the parent is more nurturing, and forgiving. Discipline with the authoritative parent is more supportive than punitive, as the parent wants the child to be assertive, socially responsible, self-regulating, and cooperative (Baumrind, 1991). The last of the three parenting styles is permissive. The permissive parent consults with the child about decisions, gives reasons for rules, and makes few demands of the child. The permissive parent is more of a resource for the child to use, and is not active in shaping or altering the child. The permissive parent will try to manipulate the child to arrive at desired results but will not show power over the child (Baumrind, 1991). Of the three parenting stages authoritative parenting has the best balance. Authoritative parents want for the child, helps shape the child into an upstanding citizen while nurturing and firm in rules. This parenting style values the expressiveness of the child, and still setting standards for the child. The authoritative parent will also be objective, uses reason, power, and shapes and reinforces achievements and objective for the child, but does this with consensus of the child and the child’s desires (Baumrind, 1991). Besides parenting education and cognitive development are important for a child. Early childhood education can began in the 1800s with private classes in a person’s home. Serious studies of cognition and early education began with Piaget’s work in defining stages of development. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are both famous for theories on cognition, and early learning of young children. Piaget whom began his career as a biologist teaching in a boy’s school found an interest in child development after helping design a test on intelligence. His theory was that a child could not perform tasks until he or she was psychologically mature enough (Berger, 2008). His second stage or preoperational stage works in the classroom with the child using language to define objects. Vygotsky theory on early childhood learning is more of a social one. Vygotsky theory is a basis of young children’s thinking being self-centered and at time magical. His theory was a second aspect of cognition; young children can be sensitive to other people’s emotions and wishes. Every aspect of child development is in social context, children are curious and observant. Vygotsky called this apprentice in thinking, as older children and adults are the teachers of society. Younger children are guided participates as they learn to think from their mentors. Vygotsky belief was that children could do anything with the assistance of others in their social network (Berger, 2008). In conclusion as the brain grows, the interaction from the parent helps the brain develop, along with parent keeping a healthy regimen. Parent and caregiver interacting with the child helps the child learn language. The three parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive help shape with rules and responsibilities. The well balanced parenting style is authoritative; allowing the child to understand why he or she is receives punishment, shapes and reinforces the child, and takes the child’s feeling into consideration. Early childhood education began in the 1800s. Piaget and Vygotsky both believed that education was important. Piaget thought that a child learned he or she was psychologically mature enough. Vygotsky belief was that children learn from others and could do anything with the help from their mentors. Cognition is needed to help a child learn, develop, and grow. How to cite Infancy and Early Childhood Development, Papers Infancy and Early Childhood Development Free Essays Infancy and early childhood are referred to as those immature years of life and the stage at which most of a child’s development occurs. To strengthen the development of a child’s learning one must understand the physical and mental factors that affect a child’s development through observation and interaction. Development begins during the prenatal period on up to the early years and depends on the nutritional, medical, emotional, and intellectual support of parents, family members, caregivers, and teachers (Cherry, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Infancy and Early Childhood Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parenting styles also play a role in what influences development as well as early childhood education programs. During the prenatal period when a child’s development begins, thus being aware of many factors that can damage the fetus and the development of a healthy child. In the early years the development of physical growth is through constant change. A key component in a child’s development is based on good nutrition as well as motor milestones needed for a child to succeed. Piaget and many other theorists refer to stages of specific age that defines the milestones reached. However, every child is different and so are there developmental successes (Berger, 2008). Infants develop skills based on their experiences in exploring the world around them. Physical play allows them to develop coordination as well as stronger muscles. Sensory skills are developed through taste, smell, touch, seeing, hearing, and from that perception is gained. Motor, sensory, and perceptual skills are supported by stimulation and a caring environment. Cognitive development occurs when a child becomes aware of physical sensations such as his or her mouth, hands, and feet. This is when an infant will explore and begin to understand what is around them (Berger, 2008). It is through early childhood that physical and neuropsychological changes help to increase coordination, control, manipulation, and movement through refining motor and perceptual skills. A good example of refining motor skills is through lacing and threading when tying their shoes as well as writing and drawing. It is these changes that create the milestones of such development. Environmental stimulus creates neurological development to control body functions to succeed in sports and other body-related skills. To enable such development to master such skills one must provide children with the opportunities of a challenging environment to learn and improve on such skills. The importance of childhood development is based on peer relationships, social play, and emotional development that help them build on self and moral values. As children engage in such play, he or she will begin to explore ways to solve problems as well as how they view other’s perspectives (Berger, 2008). It is through a stimulating and supportive environment that will allow a child to develop. The support of the parents, family members, and other individuals will help a child develop self-concept and self-esteem to learn and grow, and will be the foundation for building strong relationships with the ability to express emotion. Such a foundation will allow a child to develop by exploring new situations and being able to build on that to create healthy relationships (Berger, 2008). Parenting Styles and their Influence Family structure also affects both cognitive and emotional development of a child and is based on the size of the family and what order the child was born. However, a child’s performance is based on how safe and secure the child feels as well as an environment that provides warmth, consistency, and family communication. Family structure also leads to other factor that influences childhood development and the styles in which parents teach that may or may not be a supportive foundation. A clinical psychologist named Diane Baumrind discovered that there were four styles of parenting; however, three styles were displayed most. Her discovery came from a study that she had conducted on more than 100 children. This study of parenting and its effects on children displayed many aspects of parenting such as strategies of discipline, parental nurturance, styles of communication, and one’s level maturity and control. Observation from such dimensions created what is known as the four styles of parenting. Authoritarian Parenting Authoritarian parenting was a style of parenting that expected children to follow the rules and obey. Good behavior was rewarded; whereas, bad behavior was punished. This style of parenting felt as though they needed to give no eason other than â€Å"they said so. † Communication between parent and child was minimal with no response to child. Children who grew up from this type of parenting ranked lower in happiness, social competence, and self-esteem. Children are not allowed to make their own choices and given limited freedom. Authoritative Parenting Authoritative parenting is similar to that of authoritarian in terms of establishing rules and guidelines to follow, but much more democratic. However, this style of parenting is more responsive to their children. Though standards are set high there is room for decision-making. Parents are more willing to listen to their children and be more supportive rather than punitive. This style of parenting tends to result in happier children. These children tend to achieve higher grades in school, and have less social problems. Authoritative parenting helps children develop self-sufficiency and independence. This is the style of parenting I believe is most effective because it offers the most balanced approach to parenting. Parents enforce rules and limits, but do so to protect their children rather than stifle them. This style of parenting enforces rules when they need to but also allows their children to make mistakes and learn from them when the situation does not require strong discipline. Permissive Parenting Permissive parenting is what many refer to as understanding parents. They demand less and seldom discipline their children and create substandard assumptions of maturity level and self-control. Baumrind believes that indulgent parents are less demanding and more responsive. This parenting style would prefer to be a friend rather than a parent and can be a detriment because it teaches the child; rules do not need to be followed; thus, creating defiance of authority without worrying about the consequences of others. Children taught from this style of parenting tend to have low self-esteem, lack of self-control, and do poorly in school. These children will have difficulty in society associating with their peers and creating healthy relationships. Uninvolved parenting Uninvolved parenting ranks lowest of all life domains. This style of parenting makes few demands and communicates very little with little responsiveness. Uninvolved parents are detached from the lives of their children other than fulfilling basic needs and there are some instances in which the parents even neglect those. These children often feel rejected and lack in self-control, self-esteem, and rank less competent than the rest of their peers (Cherry, 2011). The way our children show respect, obedience, and discipline is created by the style a parent teaches his or her child. The nurturing support and love we provide is crucial to the development of our children and provide the means of our children being happy and healthy. Those children who learn better probably have a secure family life and supportive environment that will allow mistakes to be made from which children learn from without judgment being passed. By creating such a positive environment our children can explore, and we help to create those positive influences that allow children to succeed. Childhood Education and How it Influences Cognitive Development Childhood education is those activities and experiences created by educational programs and strategies intended to effect developmental changes in children. However, it begins in the home at an early age. As parents, we begin by being supportive of our child’s abilities while making sure that he or she is making all the necessary connections. Parents should be reading and singing as well as pointing out objects located in one’s environment and developing conversations with our children that builds on vocabulary. Allowing children to draw or color allows them to be expressive and gain that hand-eye coordination. Childcare givers also increase the benefits of our children’s development with giving them more conversation and interacting with other children. This type of setting allows them to try diverse activities and allows them to visit new places. In doing so, this will help to increase their thinking skills and teach them to follow directions. From this point, our children go into the pre-k programs and kindergarten. In general, children engage in much pretend play, thus building on cognitive skills by allowing the children to read others intentions, encouraging social interaction and helping them to distinguish between genuine and imaginary. This allows children to take on a social role representing reality through make believe. This stimulates the child’s ability to think for him or herself. Therefore, childhood play contributes to human development and allows the child to express by pretending social roles. Conclusion In conclusion, children continue to grow and learn as they move from infancy to toddler, and to school age. However, it is not just the physical aspects, but the cognitive aspects of thinking, imaginative play as well as language maturity. A child’s emotional, social, moral, and sexual factors are growing as well. In knowing those factors, one will obtain a better understanding about the importance of family influences, parenting styles, and childhood education. However, to understand these influences are not the only factors in the development of our children. The key is to apply practical everyday knowledge in how we care for our children and what it takes to meet their needs. How to cite Infancy and Early Childhood Development, Essay examples Infancy and Early Childhood Development Free Essays As a child develops families play a role in teaching the child. The first role is done through the five senses as a child’s brain develops. Parents are also responsible for making sure a child stays healthy. We will write a custom essay sample on Infancy and Early Childhood Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Piaget says that a child will learn through experiments in his or her world. Erickson and Freud also have ideas on family interaction in childhood development. Along with interaction a parent has different styles to bring up a child. These styles can help shape the child as he or she grows into adults. Early childhood education and cognitive development also play a role in childhood development also. Families affect development through interaction with a child, the parenting style used by the parent will also help shape the child as he or she grows, along with early education and cognitive development. Families play a role in infancy and early child development. Early childhood experience is in two categories; experience-dependent (cultural-bound) and experience-expectant (universal) that aid in brain growth (Berger, 2008). As the brain grows senses and motor skills such as seeing, mobility progress, and hearing improve. The child’s environment helps with this as the brain will respond to different particulars in life. Also in the biosocial aspect of development is health, a child will grow at expected rates and have better survival rates when the parents or caregivers practice healthy habits for the child such as immunization and nutrition, and regular well child check-ups. Another view of family effects on development comes from cognitive views of Piaget. Piaget’s work on sensorimotor intelligence and information processing says that infants progress from knowing their world through experiments. The child is shown objects by the parent and the parent tells the child what he or she is seeing, such as a cup, ball, or bottle. This communication with the child is how the family helps the child with language development. According Berger (2008), by one an infant can speak about two words, and by the age of two languages explodes, and at the toddler ages a child capable of speaking in short sentences. The last role from parents in the developing child comes from psychosocial theories. Emotions play a basic role in newborns two aspects of the role of emotions are from Erickson and Freud. Erickson’s theory is one of trust versus mistrust, and Freud’s theory is one of oral and anal stages. Both theories express the guidance given by parents to help raise their children. Parents and children play together, which helps develop social skills and attachment. Through attachment a child learns to explore and become independent in his or her world (Berger, 2008). Social play and attachment encourage social confidence. Besides play a parent must use a style to raise the child. Parenting styles vary the three most used styles consist of authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. Authoritarian parents controls, evaluates behavior, and attitudes of the child with standard rules of conduct. A child who fails to follow the set rules normally receives punishment with no explanation regarding why. According to Baumrind (1991), these parents are â€Å"status and obedience oriented, and expect rules to be followed without explanation. † The authoritative parent also sets rules for his or her child. Authoritative parenting styles also sets rules for a child but unlike the authoritarian parent the parent is much more democratic about it. This parenting style permits the parent to be more responsive to the child’s needs, and listen to questions and concerns the child may have. The child is not punished when he or she does not meet expectations of the parent as the parent is more nurturing, and forgiving. Discipline with the authoritative parent is more supportive than punitive, as the parent wants the child to be assertive, socially responsible, self-regulating, and cooperative (Baumrind, 1991). The last of the three parenting styles is permissive. The permissive parent consults with the child about decisions, gives reasons for rules, and makes few demands of the child. The permissive parent is more of a resource for the child to use, and is not active in shaping or altering the child. The permissive parent will try to manipulate the child to arrive at desired results but will not show power over the child (Baumrind, 1991). Of the three parenting stages authoritative parenting has the best balance. Authoritative parents want for the child, helps shape the child into an upstanding citizen while nurturing and firm in rules. This parenting style values the expressiveness of the child, and still setting standards for the child. The authoritative parent will also be objective, uses reason, power, and shapes and reinforces achievements and objective for the child, but does this with consensus of the child and the child’s desires (Baumrind, 1991). Besides parenting education and cognitive development are important for a child. Early childhood education can began in the 1800s with private classes in a person’s home. Serious studies of cognition and early education began with Piaget’s work in defining stages of development. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are both famous for theories on cognition, and early learning of young children. Piaget whom began his career as a biologist teaching in a boy’s school found an interest in child development after helping design a test on intelligence. His theory was that a child could not perform tasks until he or she was psychologically mature enough (Berger, 2008). His second stage or preoperational stage works in the classroom with the child using language to define objects. Vygotsky theory on early childhood learning is more of a social one. Vygotsky theory is a basis of young children’s thinking being self-centered and at time magical. His theory was a second aspect of cognition; young children can be sensitive to other people’s emotions and wishes. Every aspect of child development is in social context, children are curious and observant. Vygotsky called this apprentice in thinking, as older children and adults are the teachers of society. Younger children are guided participates as they learn to think from their mentors. Vygotsky belief was that children could do anything with the assistance of others in their social network (Berger, 2008). In conclusion as the brain grows, the interaction from the parent helps the brain develop, along with parent keeping a healthy regimen. Parent and caregiver interacting with the child helps the child learn language. The three parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive help shape with rules and responsibilities. The well balanced parenting style is authoritative; allowing the child to understand why he or she is receives punishment, shapes and reinforces the child, and takes the child’s feeling into consideration. Early childhood education began in the 1800s. Piaget and Vygotsky both believed that education was important. Piaget thought that a child learned he or she was psychologically mature enough. Vygotsky belief was that children learn from others and could do anything with the help from their mentors. Cognition is needed to help a child learn, develop, and grow. How to cite Infancy and Early Childhood Development, Papers